Tratamiento de la enfermedad arterial oclusiva crónica de extremidades inferiores en atención primaria de países en desarrollo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31790/inspilip.v7i22.424Palabras clave:
Enfermedad arterial periférica, Tratamiento conservador, Administración del tratamiento farmacológico, Procedimientos quirúrgicos vasculares, Atención primaria en salud, Países en desarrolloResumen
Introducción: La enfermedad arterial oclusiva crónica de extremidades inferiores resulta ser prevalente e infradiagnosticada, comúnmente afecta a personas con factores de riesgo cardiometabólico y de países en desarrollo. El manejo terapéutico oportuno permite disminuir la frecuencia de amputaciones, muerte cardiovascular y por todas las causas. Objetivo: Describir las estrategias y herramientas terapéuticas de Enfermedad Arterial Oclusiva Crónica de Extremidades Inferiores accesibles y aplicables en los puestos y centros de salud de países en desarrollo. Método: La búsqueda de información se realizó en PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, DOAJ, Embase, Cochrane, Redalyc y SciELO empleando operadores booleanos (AND, OR, NOT) y términos DeCS/MeSH en idioma español e inglés. Se tomó en cuenta los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se seleccionó un total de 37 artículos que cumplieron como criterios de inclusión haber sido publicados en los últimos cinco años y sin limitación de idioma, se excluyeron los trabajos repetidos e incompletos. Desarrollo: El manejo de enfermedad arterial oclusiva crónica de extremidades inferiores consiste en la indicación de medidas no farmacológicas (ejercicio, abandono del tabaquismo, hidratación) y farmacológicas (antiagregantes, hipolipemiantes) disponibles en los puestos y centros de salud. Conclusión: Los casos de enfermedad arterial oclusiva crónica de extremidades inferiores de baja complejidad pueden ser manejados en los puestos y centros de salud, los casos de alta complejidad deben ser referidos oportunamente a un nivel de atención en salud superior.
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