Probióticos como prevención y tratamiento a las infecciones del aparato reproductor femenino
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31790/inspilip.v7i22.427Palabras clave:
Femenino, Infecciones, Probióticos, Terapéutica.Resumen
Las infecciones vulvovaginales recurrentes se han convertido en un problema epidemiológico y clínico, además traen grandes consecuencias sociales y psicológicas para la mujer. El desarrollo de resistencia a los antimicrobianos de uso regular para su tratamiento y una mayor comprensión de la función de la microbiota vaginal han planteado la necesidad de nuevas estrategias de tratamiento. Los probióticos han surgido como una alternativa a los antibióticos debido a su capacidad para restablecer y mantener el equilibrio de la microbiota, fortalecer el sistema inmune, y mostrar propiedades antimicrobianas. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa, es conocer el papel de los probióticos en la prevención y tratamiento de las infecciones más comunes, es decir, vaginosis bacteriana y candidiasis vulvovaginal y brindar una actualización sobre su comprensión actual. Para ello, se recuperaron estudios relevantes de las fuentes de datos de los últimos 5 años. Los estudios in vitro y clínicos muestran que los probióticos basados principalmente en cepas de Lactobacillus y en levaduras (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) tienen efectos positivos en la composición de la microflora vaginal al promover la proliferación de Lactobacilos ssp., recuperar el equilibrio de la microbiota vaginal y prevenir infecciones. También muestran las propiedades antimicrobianas de los probióticos contra G. vaginalis y C. albicans y, por lo tanto, son útiles para el tratamiento y la prevención de la VB y la CVV. Los probióticos se presentan como una alternativa clínica viable frente al tratamiento convencional al disminuir el uso de antibióticos promoviendo un menos desarrollo de resistencia bacteriana y menos recidivas.
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