Complicaciones vasculares en tratamiento de amputación vs revascularización en pacientes en diálisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31790/inspilip.v7iESPECIAL.494Palabras clave:
Complicaciones vasculares, Revascularización, Amputación, DiálisisResumen
Las complicaciones vasculares son la principal causa de morbimortalidad en pacientes dializados. Entre estas complicaciones, la enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP) ocupa un lugar destacado y conllevan consecuencias significativas con respecto al estilo de vida. Dos enfoques principales se utilizan en la práctica clínica: La amputación y la revascularización. El objetivo del estudio corresponde a establecer las principales complicaciones vasculares en tratamiento de amputación vs revascularización en pacientes en diálisis. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica narrativa que abarcó fuentes médicas y científicas relevantes mediante búsquedas exhaustivas en bases de datos biomédicas, como PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. Los resultados se presentaron de manera clara y concisa utilizando tablas. Además, se llevó a cabo una discusión crítica de los hallazgos en el contexto de la literatura existente. Los resultados resaltaron la importancia de la enfermedad arterial periférica avanzada y la diabetes mellitus como factores de riesgo significativos en la aparición de complicaciones vasculares. La revascularización mostró tasas de éxito superiores en comparación con la amputación, con una mayor conservación de extremidades y mejora de la calidad de vida. No obstante, la amputación se asoció con una mayor incidencia de infecciones y complicaciones perioperatorias. Se concluye que, es de gran relevancia de una evaluación exhaustiva de los factores de riesgo y una selección cuidadosa del tratamiento en pacientes en diálisis. La revascularización emerge como la opción preferida en términos de resultados y calidad de vida.
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